TESTIMONY IN OPPOSITION TO SB1527
The Proposed Repeal of Illinois Nuclear Construction Moratorium
May 1, 2025
By David A. Kraft, Director
Nuclear Energy Information Service (NEIS) is a 44-year old nuclear watchdog, safe-energy advocacy organization based in Chicago. On behalf of our over 800 members, we wish to register our opposition to SB1527, a bill that advocates the repeal of the 1987 Illinois nuclear power construction moratorium, and the development and construction of future nuclear reactors in Illinois.
This moratorium was enacted to protect Illinois from becoming a de facto high-level radioactive waste (HLRW) dump. It simply says – no more reactors will be built in Illinois until the Federal Government honors its legal obligation to build and operate a permanent disposal ** facility for the dangerous spent-fuel radioactive waste reactors create. This facility was supposed to open by 1997, but didn’t. Current government estimates claim we won’t have one before 2048. To date Illinois’ 14 reactors (11 still operating) have created over 11,000 tons of spent-reactor fuel with no disposal** facility in operation. The waste is presently stored** at reactor sites. Legislators in 1987 wanted to make sure that Illinois would have to manage as little of this waste as possible, prior to permanent disposal**.
The good news is – it worked. The Moratorium did and continues to do what it was designed to do: protect Illinois.
Regarding the moratorium repeal, SB1527 not only violates the “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it” maxim; it goes out and actively BREAKS something that protects Illinois for goals that are illusory at best, nefarious at worst. Regarding future nuclear advocacy, it suggests an inadequately investigated and discussed option for Illinois’ energy future that is strongly contested by competent energy officials and professionals nationwide, without meaningful participation by the public and thorough investigation of the downsides and negative effects, particularly on Illinois’ clean energy goals enacted in CEJA.
While this provides an explanation for the primary issue of origin of this common-sense moratorium – high-level radioactive waste (HLRW) disposal** — passage of SB1527 would make it clear that the Legislature has learned nothing from the 2023 partial Moratorium repeal to accommodate the development of “small modular nuclear reactors” (SMNRs), and continues to ignore unresolved issues regarding nuclear power that will only worsen with its further expansion.

ISSUE #1 – HIGH-LEVEL RADIOACTIVE WASTE DISPOSAL:
Simply put, more reactors of any kind mean more high-level radioactive waste creation, with no disposal option in operation or even in sight. The 11 operating and 3 closed reactors in Illinois have to date produced more than 11,000 tons of HLRW, with an additional ~720 tons stored at the GE Morris Operation site. Each currently operating reactor produces an additional 20-25 tons of HLRW per year of operation.
Storage is not the same as disposal, neither legally nor technically. At a 2019 Congressional briefing on reactor decommissioning, former Chairman of the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission Gregory Jaczko had this to say about the storage of HLRW:

Former NRC Chair Greg Jaczko

“If you think about this there are a lot of challenges behind this idea of centralized “interim” storage. The first one is that this is essentially permanent storage.
“As much as you may hear from people that this is centralized “interim” storage, it is de facto permanent storage because once you move fuel somewhere it’s going to be very hard to move it somewhere else…”
“The only place in principle you could move it to would be a permanent repository. But right now, there are NO prospects, certainly not in the next several decades for any type of permanent repository for spent fuel.” (emphasis ours)
[SOURCE: Decommissioning: A New Era for Nuclear Power; a Need for Congressional Oversight, May 13, 2019, https://www.eesi.org/briefings/view/051319nuclear ]
Opening Illinois to becoming a de facto HLRW storage depot is simply irresponsible governance.

 

ISSUE(S) #2 – UNRESOLVED NUCLEAR ISSUES:
Rather than enacting legislation that only makes a bad situation worse, NEIS encourages the Legislature to work on the many unresolved nuclear-related issues that we have called to your attention since 2014. Among them:
• “It’s the Waste, Stupid!”: As illustrated above, everyone makes token nods to the continuously growing HLRW disposal problem, and then moves on to their own narrow priorities, while irresponsibly promoting adding more HLRW.
• Just Transitions for Reactor Communities and Workers: Like it or not, reactors will eventually close, hopefully by choice and not by other unpleasant means. Since 2014 in testimony before the legislature and in letters to the Governor’s office, NEIS has advocated establishing escrowed “just transitions” funds for nuclear communities that would protect local tax bases, and provide worker re-training programs to soften the inevitable blows that “company towns” experience when their largest employer leaves. This concept has been routinely ignored.
• Ratepayers and Taxpayers — Watch Your Wallets!: Recall that the Illinois legislature previously approved $3+ billion in subsidies from 2016 to 2026 for several of Constellation’s reactors that were not economically competitive. These subsidies will expire next year, in 2026. Adding more reactors, especially large-scale one, into the mix of already uncompetitive reactors will most certainly create an energy glut that will further deflate prices – resulting in more ratepayer pain and the very real probability of future bailouts. The applies to both “small modular nuclear reactors” (SMNRs) and proposed full-scale nukes.
• Anti-Corruption Citizen Oversight: the recent nuclear-related scandals, indictments and guilty pleas in Illinois, Ohio and South Carolina, and the outrageous cost and delay of Georgia’s Vogtle 3&4 reactors argue mightily for a different kind of nuclear oversight. NEIS’ unsuccessful 2024 proposal to create an Illinois Citizen Oversight Commission attempted to address this problem, and ensure that the voices of 12+ million Illinoisans — not just those of the politically well-connected and paternalistic nuclear elites — would be reflected in crafting and deciding Illinois’ energy future. Our proposal is available for review and reconsideration.
• Regulatory erosion: The annual budget struggle to adequately fund the Illinois Dept. of Nuclear Safety (and other State agencies), and the Trump Administration’s intention to depopulate and eviscerate independent regulatory agencies like the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission is a serious safety concern for the most nuclear-reliant state in the U.S. Many in Washington have long viewed the NRC as a “lapdog” regulator. These actions to further weaken even the lapdog leaves Illinois with no credible oversight of nuclear power. Adding more reactors to this situation has serious negative environmental, safety, health and security implications.
• Transmission woes: For the past four years NEIS has been calling attention to the need to improve the transmission grid. One can have a million reactors or a million wind turbines, but if you cannot provide reliable electrical service by connecting these to the customer, they are all worthless.
Additionally, competition for grid access – already an identified problem for renewables producers — will worsen with the addition of new reactors. If any state money should be allocated anywhere, it should be to enhance and improve grid access and reliability, in tandem with energy storage. Transmission should become the new state priority, not more nuclear.
Concerted action of political as well as engineering/technological interventions are needed, and quickly.
If the Legislature feels a burning need to enact legislation on nuclear power issues, this list would be a far more preferable place to begin, to solve very real, growing and inevitable problems for Illinois communities, ratepayers, and the environment, rather than adding more reactors that will only exacerbate these and other problems.

CONCLUSION:
SB1527 is unacceptable public policy. It literally prematurely and unnecessarily dismantles a successfully protective statute of Illinois law. The recent Ohio vinyl chloride train derailment and the two Boeing 737MAX crashes demonstrate what happens when effective, demonstrably protective regulation is subverted, weakened and ignored. No matter how well intended, SB1527 demonstrates a lack of deep thinking, and amounts to poor and detrimental public policy.
For these reasons we urge the Committee to vote against SB1527, and channel public resources into effective and needed energy solutions: increased energy efficiency and renewables, energy storage, and an improved transmission grid.
Thank you for your consideration of these views.

[NOTE: ** “Disposal” and “Storage” are terms legally and precisely defined in the 1982 High-Level Radioactive Waste Policy Act. They are NOT interchangeable terms, and mean qualitatively different things. Great care and legal precision should be used when using either of these terms. “Disposal” is permanent, requiring deep-geological burial; “storage” is temporary, and is usually above ground/grade. The Illinois Moratorium requires a federal “disposal” solution, NOT “storage.”]

CHERNOBYL YOUTUBE LINKS
39th anniversary of the disaster

1.) THE WORLD’S FIRST NUCLEAR DISASTER: CHALK RIVER (13:01)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1WcBIzRzswg&pp=ygUxVEhFIFdPUkxE4oCZUyBGSVJTVCBOVUNMRUFSIERJU0FTVEVSOiBDSEFMSyBSSVZFUg%3D%3D

2.) CHERNOBYL MINERS: THE UNTOLD STORY OF THE TUNNEL UNDER CHERNOBYL (13:20)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5B62y4yK9Y&pp=ygVAQ0hFUk5PQllMIE1JTkVSUzogVEhFIFVOVE9MRCBTVE9SWSBPRiBUSEUgVFVOTkVMIFVOREVSIENIRVJOT0JZTA%3D%3D

3.) THE FIRST DEMON CORE ACCIDENT (19:02)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kdiH2GrV7ic&pp=ygUfVEhFIEZJUlNUIERFTU9OIENPUkUgQUNDSURFTlQgIA%3D%3D

4.) CHERNOBYL DOME: IT FAILED SO BADLY (10:17)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_CZ6ph7XHKk&pp=ygUpNC4pCUNIRVJOT0JZTCBET01FOiAgSVQgRkFJTEVEIFNPIEJBRExZICA%3D

5.) RBMK: THE SOVIET REACTOR THAT WAS DOOMED (13:26)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8OlB3JmMLgk&pp=ygUvNS4pCVJCTUs6ICBUSEUgU09WSUVUIFJFQUNUT1IgVEhBVCBXQVMgRE9PTUVEICA%3D

6.) THE MYSTERY OF THE ELEPHANT’S FOOT (14:40)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tBg_lfR8YcM&pp=ygUoNi4pCVRIRSBNWVNURVJZIE9GIFRIRSBFTEVQSEFOVOKAmVMgRk9PVA%3D%3D

7.) CAUSES OF THE CHERNOBYL DISASTER: TRUTH AND FICTION – FALSE NARRATIVE 1 (23:06)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vqys4Ij3M54&pp=ygU6Ny4pCUNBVVNFUyBPRiBUSEUgQ0hFUk5PQllMIERJU0FTVEVSOiAgVFJVVEggQU5EIEZJQ1RJT04gIA%3D%3D

8.) CAUSES OF THE CHERNOBYL DISASTER: TRUTH AND FICTION – FALSE NARRATIVE 2 (31:48)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bsjrFyOQcF8&pp=ygU6Ny4pCUNBVVNFUyBPRiBUSEUgQ0hFUk5PQllMIERJU0FTVEVSOiAgVFJVVEggQU5EIEZJQ1RJT04gIA%3D%3D

9.) WEIRD PINE THAT BECAME CHERNOBYL’S DARK EMBLEM | CHORNOBYL UNCHARTED EP 18 (9:14)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b84eRR8JTrY&pp=ygVQOS4pCVdFSVJEIFBJTkUgVEhBVCBCRUNBTUUgQ0hFUk5PQllM4oCZUyBEQVJLIEVNQkxFTSB8IENIT1JOT0JZTCBVTkNIQVJURUQgRVAgMTg%3D

10.) THE BATTLE OF CHERNOBYL (94 mins.)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=97klTG8Lp5M&pp=ygUXVGhlIEJhdHRsZSBvZiBDaGVybm9ieWw%3D

11.) CHERNOBYL HEART: THE DARK SIDE OF NUCLEAR POWER (40 mins.)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Wjnjbvh6Cys&pp=ygUPQ2hlcm5vYnlsIEhlYXJ0

 

 

 

Greetings All —

On this the 39th anniversary of the nuclear power disaster in Chornobyl, Ukraine, we share this message and attached statement from a Belarusian colleague.

As the Illinois legislature and others around the U.S. continue to be mesmerized by the beckoning calls of the nuclear sirens, continue to ignore the inherent hazards of nuclear power, and refuse to remediate the already-caused damage and exposure effects, this message serves as a warning.  As the saying goes, history may not repeat itself, but it sure does rhyme sometimes.  With 11 operating reactors and over 11,000 tons of high-level radioactive wastes within its borders, probability is not on Illinois’ side.

Be well, for a non-nuclear future,

–Dave Kraft, Director, NEIS–

———- Forwarded message ———
From: Tanya Novikova
Date: Sat, Apr 26, 2025 at 1:15 PM
Subject: Re: [decomm_wkg] 39 years since Chernobyl radioactive disaster, the nexus with uranium mining

Here is the Statement by the Belarusian non-profits in exile on Chernobyl Day

On Sat, Apr 26, 2025 at 12:14 PM Tanya Novikova <novikova@gmail.com>

Dear Friends,

Today is a dark day in modern history. Exactly 39 years ago, the Chernobyl nuclear disaster struck communities across vast parts of the European continent. It did not stop there, though. Chernobyl’s radioactive iodine-131 circled the globe and was even detected in Antarctica.

Human technological civilization — proud of its spaceships, scientific advancements, and unprecedented international cooperation — turned out to be helpless in the face of a radiation catastrophe. Humanity proved capable of producing artificial radionuclides that remain toxic for hundreds, thousands, and even millions of years, but powerless to contain them once they are released from a reactor during an accident. Nor can it fully protect people from the harm that “peaceful atoms” inflict across generations.

The consequences of Chernobyl continue to persist. Large territories in Russia, Lithuania, Poland, Germany, Switzerland, and even Sweden remain contaminated and will do so for many decades. For Belarus and Ukraine, the Chernobyl Exclusion Zone will remain dangerous virtually forever on a human timescale.

In Ukraine and Belarus, the health effects of the disaster still impact the third generation of residents. This is evidenced by both official statistics — such as a multiple-fold increase in thyroid cancer among children reported by the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Belarus — and independent research from Yuri Bandazhevsky’s group (Belarus-Ukraine), among others.

However, the world has not fully learned the lessons of Chernobyl. Many countries today continue to promote nuclear energy as a “new,” “green,” and “climate-friendly” solution — claims that are far from reality. A number of countries, including the United States, not only extend the service life of morally and physically obsolete nuclear power plants, but also plan to restart reactors that had already been shut down, even while relaxing safety control procedures.

Nevertheless, the course of history shows that the global energy industry is increasingly shifting toward a different path — namely, toward renewable, affordable, and truly sustainable energy technologies.

On this day, we must not only honor the victims of Chernobyl but also raise our voices in defense of renewable energy. It is up to us today to ensure that there is never another Chernobyl!

I invite you to read a statement from non-profit organizations of Belarus in exile issued on the 39th anniversary of the Chernobyl disaster, along with a leaflet containing key facts from the full nuclear fuel cycle. It demonstrates that nuclear energy begins with genocide and environmental disasters — and ends with even greater catastrophe.

Thank you for sharing, discussing, and supporting!

Yours,

Tatyana Novikova

antinuclear activist,

MS in Sustainability

 

Statement on the 39th Anniversary of the Chernobyl Nuclear Disaster

On April 26, we mark 39 years since the largest man-made disaster of the 20th century
— the accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. This tragedy cast a dark shadow
over Ukraine, Lithuania, Poland, and many other European countries.

Belarus became the country with the most contaminated territory (23%) and, as a result,
the gravest long-term consequences. For our country, Chernobyl is not just a
technological disaster — it is a national wound: poisoned land, water, and air; the
nation’s compromised health; sick children — all of this has become part of Belarusian
reality. This catastrophe will remain with us for hundreds of thousands of years — until
all toxic radionuclides decay.

On this dark day, Belarusians around the world hold mourning marches known as the
“Chernobyl Way” to honor the memory of the disaster’s victims. For many years, civil
society in Minsk carried this event forward, defying the constraints of a totalitarian
regime.

The totalitarian USSR enabled the conditions that made the Chernobyl catastrophe
possible. The dictatorship of Lukashenka continues to exacerbate its consequences by:

• silencing facts and downplaying risks,
• putting contaminated land back into economic use,
• depriving Chernobyl victims and affected people of social benefits,
• repressing scientists, activists, and organizations speaking the truth about
Chernobyl, many of whom have been imprisoned or are currently behind bars,
• promoting dangerous Russian nuclear technologies in Belarus, at the doorstep of
neighboring countries: both nuclear weapons and the Astravets NPP, which had
been erected with violations of European safety standards and national
legislation, in a non-transparent and undemocratic way,
• discussing the construction of a second NPP while the first is underutilized for
half of its operational time and the energy system has no need for its electricity.
Nuclear disasters do not occur only in authoritarian countries — democracies are not
immune either. We learned this from the example of Fukushima. Moreover, even
democratic nations can exhibit authoritarian tendencies, as we have seen in the past
decade.

Democratic countries with nuclear plants may become targets of nuclear terrorism and
military aggression, as demonstrated by Russia’s attacks on Ukraine and on Chernobyl
and Zaporizhzhya NPP in 2022 and 2025.

At the same time, the international democratic community and the IAEA have proven
incapable of effectively addressing the problems of nuclear blackmail, military attacks
on nuclear facilities, or dealing with the consequences of nuclear disasters.
Sadly, the lessons of Chernobyl remain unlearned. Countries are not abandoning
nuclear energy — instead, they present it as climate-friendly and conditionally “green,”
using calculations that ignore technological realities and associated risks, as well as the
full nuclear fuel cycle. The issue of spent nuclear fuel, which remains toxic for up to a
million years (according to the IAEA), remains unresolved.

The world’s fleet of operating nuclear power plants is aging. Yet instead of transitioning
to cheaper, more accessible energy generation technologies — including renewables —
many countries are extending the life of existing plants and attempting to restart shut-
down reactors, creating significant safety risks.

Nuclear materials continue to spread globally, and the threat of nuclear conflict is
growing.

On this day, we address the authorities of Belarus with the following demands:
• Immediately shut down and decommission the Astravets NPP, which is unsafe
and unnecessary.
• Return Belarus to its nuclear-free and neutral status.
• Remove Chernobyl-contaminated areas from economic use.
• Restore social support for people affected by the consequences of the Chernobyl
disaster.
• Resume scientific research on the consequences of the Chernobyl accident and
reestablish cooperation with the global scientific community for this purpose.
• Release environmental activists and all other political prisoners, including
participants in the anti-nuclear movement.
• Support Belarus’ transition to a sustainable energy system based primarily on
renewable and decentralized sources.
We call on the international community to:
• Consider the deployment of nuclear weapons in Belarus as a violation of the
principles of collective security.
• Strip nuclear energy from green agendas (such as ESG frameworks and climate
finance mechanisms).
• Prioritize conventional deterrence means and strategies over nuclear weapons.
• Ban the trade of uranium and nuclear technologies with aggressor states (such
as the Russian Federation).
• Prevent the militarization of nuclear facilities by strengthening international legal
frameworks and undertaking coordinated action within the global community.
• Honor the memory of the victims of the Chernobyl disaster and continue
supporting liquidators and those affected.
• Express solidarity with the people of Ukraine, who faced nuclear threats during
acts of military aggression.

We also appeal to the member states of the IAEA with a proposal to reconsider the
organization’s core priorities and put human safety above profits and the ambitions of
individual states. We call on the IAEA to take the risks associated with nuclear
technology use and proliferation seriously. To that end, we urge the IAEA to revise its
guarantees, protocols, and mechanisms in such a way that the organization, which is
promoting a so-called “nuclear renaissance,” bears legal and financial responsibility for
the consequences of nuclear accidents and nuclear terrorism.

The resolution was adopted by NGO Ecohome, Green Network, Belarusian National
Platform of the Eastern Partnership Civil Society Forum, Dapamoga, Solidarity
Movement “Together,” Narodnaya Hramada, the United Civic Party, Our House, and the
RE:Belarus Association of Belarusian Political Prisoners, Association of Belarusian
Political Prisoners “Da Voli,” and supported by the United Transitional Cabinet of
Belarus, the Office of Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya.

 

 

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